@article{
author = {Pavel Podvig},
title = {History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System},
journal = {Science & Global Security},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {21-60},
year = {2002},
URL = {https://scienceandglobalsecurity.org/archive/2002/01/history_and_the_current_status.html},
eprint = {http://scienceandglobalsecurity.org/archive/sgs10podvig.pdf},
abstract = {This article presents an overview of the history of development and the current status of the Soviet and Russian early-warning system, which was built to provide the Soviet strategic forces with information about a missile attack in an event of a nuclear conflict with the United States. Two main components of this system are considered--the network of early-warning radars, and the space-based early-warning system, which includes satellites on highly-elliptical and geosynchronous orbits. The system appears to be capable of detecting a massive attack, but cannot be relied upon to detect individual missile launches.}
}