The Conversion of Research Reactors to Low-Enriched Fuel and the Case of the FRM-II

The use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) as fuel in research reactors runs contrary to the concept of proliferation-resistant nuclear technologies. Consequently, for more than two decades, international activities have been undertaken to terminate the use of HEU in research reactors by supporting the conversion of these facilities to low-enriched uranium (LEU). Achievements, setbacks and perspectives of these efforts are discussed in this article. The German research reactor FRM-II, which will presumably begin operation in 2002, would be the world's first HEU-fueled reactor in more than 10 years. Among proponents and critics of HEU use in this reactor there is disagreement on the scientific impact of FRM-II conversion, which could be based on designs proposed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In order to support the decision-making process, independent computer simulations have been performed that provide detailed information on the scientific usability of the converted reactor. The most important results of these calculations are presented and discussed.

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